Phytochemical Profiling of Ethanolic and Propanol Extracts of Terminalia chebula by GC-MS: Insights into Potential Anticancer Compounds
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Abstract
Introduction: Terminalia chebula is a medicinal plant known for its diverse bioactive compounds, including phenolics, fatty acids, terpenes, and heterocyclic molecules, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Given the importance of natural products in cancer treatment, this study aimed to analyze the chemical constituents of ethanolic and propanolic extracts of Terminalia chebula collected from Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: Minab has a hot semi-arid climate characterized by very high summer temperatures, low rainfall, and intense solar radiation, factors that influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of plant secondary metabolites. The fruits of Terminalia chebula were harvested, dried, and extracted using 70% ethanol and 96% propanol. The extracts were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine their phytochemical profiles.
Results: The study reveals that 1,2,3-benzenetriol was the predominant compound in the ethanolic extract with 64.19% relative abundance, accompanied by phenol, benzoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid. The propanolic extract was mainly composed of propanoic acid (40.46%) along with 4,4-dimethyl-2-(3-phenyl-2-thienyl)oxazoline and D-limonene. Many of these compounds are reported to have anticancer effects through mechanisms such as apoptosis induction and oxidative stress modulation.
Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive insights into the bioactive composition of Terminalia chebula, highlighting its potential as a natural source for anticancer drug development. Further biological evaluations are recommended to validate these findings and explore therapeutic applications.
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