Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science is a peer-reviewed journal that is published in English languages full papers by Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.  RBES publishes articles from all areas of biotechnology (microbial, environmental, industrial, medical and pharmaceutical, marine, biochemistry, animal, agricultural, food, nano and molcular biotechnology), bioinformatics, genomics and proteomics, transcriptomics, genome editing and antimicrobial agents of herb. In addition, the journal also publishes novel research on emerging contaminants, human impact on the environment, human exposure to environmental contaminants and their health effects, Environmental health and toxicology, environmental physical, chemical or biological remediation, and waste management.

This Journal accepts only manuscripts through the online submission system. It is easy to use and easy to track, thus by conducting all steps electronically; your submission will be expedient. Contributors can submit via our website. Once you submit an article, it will be forwarded to one of the editors and afterwards to at least two peer-reviewers. The author will be notified of the submission process by means of e-mail.

 

Types of manuscripts

Research Articles. These articles usually should aim to be approximately 3000-3500 words (introduction through discussion). 30-40 references and 4-6 tables and/or figures. They require a structured abstract with a maximum of 300 words containing the following headings: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Conclusions.

Review articles. 4000-4500 words. The maximum number of references is 60, Maximum Number of illustrations/Tables is 6. The abstract should contain no more than 300 words and be structured with the following headings: Objective, Databases used, Conclusions.

Short communications. They should have a maximum of 2000 words. The maximum number of references is 20, Maximum Number of illustrations/Tables is 3.  They require a structured abstract with a maximum of 300 words containing the following headings: Objective, Materials and Methods, Results, and Conclusions.

If you need any further help please contact the Editorial Office: rbes.editor@gmail.com

 

Authorship

The consent of all authors, as well as related authorities/institutions, has been received prior to the submission of the manuscript. The order of the authors (as to be reflected in the published article) has been established. The adding or deleting of authors once the manuscript has been accepted for publication would have to be accompanied by a signed statement of consent of all authors. All authors have contributed significantly to the research. Authors are obligated to participate in the peer-review process, providing retractions/ corrections/ amendments when necessary. All conflicts of interest/financial support have been declared. The order of the authors (as to be reflected in the published article) has been established.

Changes to authorship

Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in the authors' list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of the addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, the publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.

All authors have contributed significantly to the research. Authors are obligated to participate in the peer-review process, providing retractions/corrections/amendments when necessary. All conflicts of interest/financial support should be declared by the author, editor, or reviewer.

 

Declaration of interest

All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. If there are no conflicts of interest then please state this: 'The authors declare no conflict of interest' (if there are multiple authors) or 'The author declares no conflict of interest' if there is one author only. Please include this statement on the title page upon submission. Please declare any conflicts of interest you may have with this paper, financial or otherwise, by clicking here.

 

Submission declaration

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture, or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in Persian or English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright holder.

 

Copyright
Authors retain copyright to their work without restrictions.  The author (s) has full control over the work (e.g. retains the right to reuse, distribute, republish, etc.). Upon acceptance of an article, the author(s) will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (see more information on this). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement. Please also submit your Letter of Commitment.

 

Role of the funding source

You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated. For anonymous review, this information should appear on the title page. 

 

Open Access Policy

This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal is licensed under a CC-BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0) International License.

No page charges are required from the author.

 

Submission
Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. Editable files (Word file) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail. Please submit your article via https://rbesjournal.com/index.php/rbes

 

Double-blind review

Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science uses double-blind review, which means that both the reviewer and author name(s) are not allowed to be revealed to one another for a manuscript under review. The identities of the authors are concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa. To facilitate this, please include the following separately:
1- Title page (with author details): This should include the title, authors' names, e-mails, telephone numbers and affiliations, a complete address for all authors including an e-mail address, acknowledgments (including funding), Authors' contributions, and Conflict of Interest Statement. The title must be concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.

 

2- Blinded manuscript (no author details): The main body of the paper (including the references, figures, and tables) should not include any identifying information, such as the authors' names or affiliations. Equipment sources should be included but may be removed for review at the Editor's discretion.

At revision, you must highlight changed words, sentences, etc with recolor and provide a separate word file entitled: “answers to Review” in which you must answer to questions and comments of all reviewers separately.

 

Manuscript structure

Sections in the body of the manuscript are Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusions, Acknowledgments, and References, respectively. Please use unnumbered sections.

Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

 

Material and methods

Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described. Excessive recycling of words from previous manuscripts, including the methods section, will not be allowed. Specify in Materials and methods the ethical review committee approval process and the international, national, and/or institutional guidelines followed. Provide evidence in Materials and methods that the principles of reduction, refinement, and replacement have been met.

 

Results and Discussion

Results should be clear and concise. The discussion should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section may be appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

 

Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study must be presented in a short Conclusions section.

 

Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Equation (A.1), Equation (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Equation (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Figure A.1, etc.

 

Acknowledgments (including sources of funding)

 

Authors' contributions

 

Competing interest

 

Abstract
The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions and present separately from the article. References should not be included in the abstract. Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. The abstract should be on a separate page and should not exceed 300 words. Objective, Materials and Methods, Results and Conclusions. For review articles, the abstract should be structured and usually should have the following headings: Objective, Databases used, and Conclusions.

 

Keywords: Three to five keywords or phrases should be listed immediately after the abstract.

 

Abbreviations: Define abbreviations at their first mention in the body of the manuscript (introduction through discussion). Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

Please submit mathematic equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y.

Footnotes should rarely be used. If used, indicate the position of the footnote in the text and present the footnote separately at the bottom of each page.

 

Figures: Figures must be placed in the proper place of the text in the form of JPG or JPEG (.jpg). Colored figures are preferred, the font of figures should be Times New Roman, addressing figures in the text should be in regular as (Figure 1), if a figure is constructed from more than one part; each part should be presented with bold capital letters such as A), B), C), … at the top left corner and Resolution should be 300 dpi for a 3*2 inch figure. Ensure that each figure has a caption in its below. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the figure. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used in the legend as below: 

Figure 1. Electrophoresis of studied samples using beta-actin primers in Kermani sheep on the agarose gel. M50; size marker. Lanes 1-5 present adipose tissue, liver, kidney, lung, and heart, respectively. Lane 7 is the negative control

 

Figure 2. Melting curve of leptin and beta-actin gene production using Real-Time PCR for Kermani sheep

 

Tables: Please submit tables as editable text and not as images, Excel files, or embedded in Word files. Tables should be placed in the text of the manuscript in the proper place. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. The caption should be placed above the table and explain the origin of the data and any table notes should be placed below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules. The style of the table should be simple and the font of the table should be Cambria:

 

References

All references to publications made in the text should be numbered in the order they appear at the end of the study in a list with their full bibliographical description. The citation of grey materials (e.g., mass media, abstract, personal communication) are not allowed unless they provide essential information not available from a public source.

Citations in the Text

Placement of citations: In-text citation numbers should be placed after the relevant part of a sentence before the period.

References are numbered consecutively in the order they are first mentioned. Use superscript to cite a reference number throughout the text, tables, and legends. If the same reference is used again, re-use the original number.

Tables are numbered consecutively. Supply a brief title for each table and give each column a short heading. Be sure that the table is mentioned in the text. If the data is taken from another source, include the source in the list of references at the end of the paper. Place explanatory matter in a note, not in the heading.

Example

With the growing concern regarding the unhealthy consequences of using chemical preservatives in the food industry, the attention towards natural and herbal substances has been increasing every day. Phenolic acids are recently receiving high attention because of their many promising different useful effects related to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties^1-5. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is one of the most available phenolic acid compounds in foods, such as coffee and tea^6,7.

On the References Page

The last page of your paper is entitled References. References are single-spaced, with double-spacing between references. DOI number or the link of the article should be added to the end of each reference.

 Numbering: List all references in order by number, not alphabetically. Each reference is listed once only since the same number is used throughout the paper.

Authors: List each author’s last name followed by a space and then initials without any periods; there is a comma and space between authors and a period at the end of the last author. If the number of authors exceeds six, give the first six followed by “et al.” For edited books, place the editors’ names in the author position and follow the last editor with a comma and the word editor (or editors). For edited books with chapters written by individual authors, list the authors of the chapter first, then the chapter title, followed by “In:”, the editors’ names, and the book title (see example 7).

-  The following are examples of style:

 

Journal

1 Authors

Bayat Z, Hassanshahian M, and Hesni MA. Enrichment and isolation of crude oil degrading bacteria from some mussels collected from the Persian Gulf. Mar Pollut Bull. 2015; 101(1): 85-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.021    

2 7 or more personal authors

Aho M, Irshad B, Ackerman SJ, Lewis M, Leddy R, Pope T, et al. Correlation of sonographic features of invasive ductal mammary carcinoma with age, tumor grade, and hormone-receptor status. J Clin Ultrasound. 2013; 41(1):10-7. DOI: 10.1002/jcu.21990

3 Anonymous

American Psychological Association. Electronic resources. 2008; Retrieved June 17, 2008 from http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html.

 

4 In press

Watermeyer B, Hunt X, Swartz L, and Rohleder, P. Navigating the relational psychic economy of disability: The case of M. Psychoanalytic Dialogues. (In press).

 

5 Book, editor(s)

Kumar V, Abbas AK, and Aster JC, editors. Robbins basic pathology. 16th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; c2013.

6 Book, editor(s), specific chapter with individual author(s)

Altobelli N. Airway management. In: Kacmarek R, Stoller JK, Heuer AJ, editors. Egan’s fundamentals of respiratory care. 10th ed. St. Louis: Saunders Mosby; c2013. p. 732-786.

7 Electronic book, personal author(s), requiring password

Martin A, Harbison S, Beach K, and Cole P. An introduction to radiation protection [Internet]. 6th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2012 [cited 2015 May 28]. Available at: http://lrc.michener.ca:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=466903&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_iii with authorized username and password.

8 Electronic book, organization as author, freely available

OpenStax College. Anatomy & physiology [Internet]. Version 7.28. Houston: The College; 2013 Apr 25 [Updated 2015 May 27; cited 2015 May 28]. Available at: http://cnx.org/content/col11496/latest/.

9 Dictionary entry

Stedman’s medical dictionary for the health professions and nursing. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2012. Hematoma; p. 756.

10 Entry in a print reference work

Canadian Pharmacists Association. CPS 2013: Compendium of pharmaceuticals and specialties. 48th ed. Ottawa: The Association; c2013. Atropine: Systemic; p. 297-299.

11 Entry in an online reference work

Canadian Pharmacists Association. eCPS. [Internet]. Ottawa: The Association; 2015. Methimazole; [revised 2012 Mar; cited 2015 May 28]; [about 6 screens]. Available from: http://lrc.michener.ca:2048/login/ecps with authorized username and password.

12 Wiki entry

Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia [Internet]. St. Petersburg (FL): Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 2001 –   Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa; [modified 2015 May 28; cited 2015 May 28]; [about 34 screens]. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_epidemic_in_West_Africa

13 Newspaper article

Carville O. Health ‘snooping’ cases on the rise. Toronto Star. 2015 May 27: Sect. GT:1 (col. 3).

14 Electronic newspaper article

Wisniewski M. Five babies at Chicago daycare diagnosed with measles. Globe and Mail [Internet]. 2015 Feb 5 [cited 2015 Feb 6]; Life: [about 2 screens]. Available at: http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/health/five-babies-at-chicago-daycare-diagnosed-with-measles-report/article22805944/.

15 Legal material (note: this is not addressed in Vancouver Style)

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, S.O. 2005, c.11 [Internet]. 2009 Dec 15 [cited 2015 May 29]. Available from: http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_05a11_e.htm

16 Report available on a web page

Canadian Institute for Health Information. Depression among seniors in residential care [Analysis in brief on the Internet]. Ottawa: The Institute; 2010 [cited 2015 May 29]. 18 p. Available at: https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/ccrs_depression_among_seniors_e.pdf

17 Page on a website

Alzheimer Society of Canada [Internet]. Toronto: The Society; c2015. Benefits of staying active; 2013 Jan 28 [cited 2015 May 29]; [about 1 screen]. Available at: http://www.alzheimer.ca/en/kfla/Living-with-dementia/Day-to-day-living/Staying-active/Benefits-of-staying-active

18 Streaming video

Allen S,  and Waerlop I. The Gait Guys talk about great toe dorsiflexion [Internet]. [place unknown]: The Gait Guys; 2014 May 11 [cited 2015 May 29]. Video: 3 min. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8O8TLtunUQ

19 Electronic image

Bickle I. Swallowed foreign body [radiograph]. 2014 Jul 14 [cited 2015 May 29]. In: Radiopaedia.org [Internet]. [place unknown]: Radiopaedia.org; c2005-2015. [about 1 screen]. Available at: http://radiopaedia.org/cases/swallowed-foreign-body-1

20 Blog post (no given name, so screen name used as author)

Munkee. Nuclear Munkee. [blog on the Internet]. [place unknown]: [Munkee]; [date unknown] –. In-111 pentetreotide imaging; 2013 Mar 19 [cited 2015 May 29]; [about 3 screens]. Available at: http://nuclearmunkee.blogspot.ca/2013/03/in-111-pentetreotide-imaging.html

21 Poster presentation/session presented at a meeting or conference

Chasman J, and Kaplan RF. The effects of occupation on preserved cognitive functioning in dementia. Poster session presented at Excellence in clinical practice. 4th Annual Conference of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology; 2006 Jun 15-17; Philadelphia, PA.

 Declarations Section

The following sections should also be included in the article after the conclusion and before the references:

-Authors’ contribution

-Availability of data and materials

-Acknowledgment

-Funding

- Competing interest

-Ethical consideration

 

Author Contributions: For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used “Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y. and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing—original draft preparation, X.X.; writing—review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.” Please turn to the CRediT taxonomy for the term explanation. Authorship must be limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work re-ported.

All authors contributed equally to the conceptualization of the article and writing of the original and subsequent drafts.

Availability of data and materials: In this section, please provide details regarding where data supporting reported results can be found, including links to publicly archived datasets analyzed or generated during the study (see examples). Data available on request from the authors.

If the study did not report any data, you might add “Not applicable” here.

Acknowledgements: The Acknowledgments section should be a few sentences at the end, but it is important to recognize those people (organizations and individuals) who made considerable impact on the research, provided significant help to the author to formulate and complete the experiment, and improved the research at any stage (from providing access to equipment or field sites to editing the manuscript). However, this is an optional section.

In this section, you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments).

The authors would like to thank all participants in the present study.

The authors thank all participants in this study.

Ethical Considerations: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of ABCD (Ethical code: IR.UT.RES.2024.500).

The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.

Funding: The study was funded by the University of ABCD, Country ABCD, and Grant No. 111111. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Competing interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Declare conflicts of interest or state “The authors declare no conflict of interest.” Authors must identify and declare any personal circumstances or interests that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. Any role of the funders in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results must be declared in this section. If there is no role, please state “The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results”.